In this new research article, the author presents the results and analysis of his new research, which is thematically devoted to the study of the issue of the representation of a wide variety of cells and, in part, human tissues (bone and muscle tissue), in relation to a number of collecting methods, such as philately, numismatics, philocarty and phaleristics, in all their diversity.

The purpose of the conducted research and the subsequent writing by the author, based on its results and analysis, of this thematic research article, is the author’s desire to present the results obtained by him and their critical analysis, in relation to the representation of the most diverse collection materials dedicated to the cells and tissues of the human body, in such means of collecting as: philately, philocarty, phaleristics and numismatics.

To be fair, it should be noted that the topic explored by the author is not very popular, reflected in collecting media, and collection materials on this subject are limited [1-6]. Nevertheless, as a result of extensive, painstaking research, the author of this study was able to gather the necessary quantity and variety of collection materials for this article, which he now presents to his readers.

Hypothesis of the article

During the planning of this study, its author put forward the hypothesis that there might exist a certain number of very diverse collection materials thematically dedicated to the cells and tissues of the human body.

In conducting this study and writing the obtained materials, their analysis and subsequent presentation in his research article, the author used the following research methods: study and literary-critical analysis of available materials on the issue studied by the author; searching and selecting on the Internet the necessary illustrative and textual materials, thematically devoted to collecting philatelic and numismatic materials, dedicated to various aspects of human body cytology, in all its diversity - in particular in specialized articles by collectors of various orientations, thematically devoted to the issue studied. Also, the author of this study performed a painstaking analysis and sorting of these obtained materials; transformation, with the help of special computer programs, of the found collection materials into their color and/or black and white screenshot copies; the formation of a short, accompanying text for the illustrations selected by the author and the content of the text itself, this completely new, original research article.

At the very beginning of this author's research article, I would like to begin with the presentation of general, introductory information about the most diverse cells of the human body, which is supplemented by illustrative, visual materials [5, 6].

Figure 1. Schematic representation of different types of cells in the human body.

I would like to present my presentation of the text and illustrative material obtained during this study, with materials dedicated to various cells, both "white" and "red" blood, as reflected in such collecting tools as philately - postage stamps and envelopes of different countries of the world and the years of their issue [6-14], and in the means of phaleristics, on thematic badges. Most often, philately presents images of both physiological samples of blood cells, on its smears, and samples of blood cells in various variants of its pathology, most often - in malaria, together with plasmodia of malarial or other infection, as well as in such a pathology as sickle cell anemia. Thematic Figure 2 presents these samples of similar philatelic materials, as well as a representation of bone marrow cells [6-14].

Figure 2. Blood cells, in normal conditions and in a number of different pathological conditions, as reflected in philatelic means.

Red and white blood cells are particularly widely represented in phaleristics, on thematic icons [6-15]. First, in thematic figure 3, icons will be presented depicting erythrocytes, both individually and in the lumen of blood vessels, and sometimes together with hemoglobin molecules [6-15].

There are also thematic icons with images on their front side of both erythrocytes and leukocytes/cells of “white” blood, as well as a number of other formed elements of the blood and – in leukemia – which are presented in a new thematic, phaleristic collection, in Figure 4 [6-15].

Figure 4. White and red blood cells on thematic badges.

There are also images of human blood cells, in a type of collection known as philocarty - on thematic, educational cards. For example, thematic Figure 5 features such cards, depicting a type of white blood cell called a neutrophil, as well as red blood cells, both in normal conditions and in various pathologies [16-25].

Figure 5. Human blood cells reflected in the phylocarty on postcards.

Further, in Figure 6a, b, c, thematic collectible, philatelic (postage stamps, first day covers), numismatic (table commemorative medals), and phaleristic (thematic badges) materials are presented on which human and mouse nerve cells are represented/depicted [25-27]. 

Figure 6A. Philatelic collection, thematically dedicated to nerve cells.

Figure 6B. A selection of thematic badges and broshes depicting nerve cells

The following figure 6c shows a rather interesting, thematic, numismatic collection of bronze and silver commemorative table medals dedicated to the image of nerve cells on their reverse, and portraits of world-famous neurologists, Nobel Prize laureates, such as, in particular, the Italian scientist Camillo Golgi (1843-1926) and the Portuguese scientist Santiago Ramon Y Cayal (1852-1934). Also, in the same figure, a commemorative coin of Cyprus (2020), with a denomination of 2 euros, with an image of a human nerve cell on its reverse is shown [28-36].

Figure 6C. A numismatic collection of commemorative table medals depicting nerve cells and famous neurologists.

Continuing my story about the various cells of the human body, in the reflection of a number of collecting tools, I would like to present, in thematic figure 7, postage stamps (philately) and thematic badges (phaleristics), dedicated to the largest cell of the human body - the egg, both primary and at different stages of its development and transformation, as well as the male reproductive cell - the sperm [37,38].

Figure 7. A selection of a number of collection materials, with images of an egg cell at different stages of its development and a sperm cell.

Further, in thematic figure 8, thematic bafges and a postage stamp are presented, with images of cells of the bone (osteoclasts) and muscle systems of the human (myocytes) [11-14, 39].

Figure 9. Phaleristic selection of thematic badges depicting the anatomy and histology of human skin.

This concludes another author's research article devoted to the thematic, anatomical and histological screenshot copies representation of the human skin and hair on badges. A number of new thematic articles are being prepared on the issues of reflecting anatomy and various human organs and systems on badges. Figure 8 shows a small selection of thematic, anatomical and histological badges, a total of 51 screenshots dedicated to human skin Figure 9 shows a thematic selection of both anatomical and histological badges, depicting hair and related areas of human haar, in total, 28 screenshot copies thematic badges [11-14].

Figure 10. Thematic badges dedicated to the structure and histology of human hair.

This concludes another article devoted to the question of a number of human cells, as reflected in various collecting methods, such as philately, philocarty, phaleristics, and numismatics.

1. The author of this article has comprehensively, interestingly, and engagingly covered a relatively complex topic concerning the representation of the structure/anatomy and histology of certain cells in collecting methods such as philately, philocarty, phaleristics, and numismatics. 

2. The author's use of screenshots of puzzle-like collection materials as illustrations significantly enriches and enhances this research article. 

3. Auxiliary scientific and historical disciplines such as philately, philocarty, phaleristics, and numismatics, as well as a number of other collecting methods and tools, are quite capable of vividly, creatively, and comprehensively presenting highly interesting information for both interested readers and those seriously interested in various collecting disciplines, enriching their knowledge of the subject under study.

4. In total, in this research article, the author presents 248 screenshot copies of collectible materials, including: philatelic (postage stamps and envelopes) - 47 screenshot copies; philocarty (postcards) - 13 copies; phaleristics (thematic badges and brooches) - 180 copies; numismatics (commemorative table medals and coins) - 8 screenshot copies.

The author notes the complete absence of any conflicts, both with individuals and legal entities.