Background: Iraqi pediatricians have historically faced challenges due to political turmoil and academic constraints, limiting their contributions to international scientific communities. Little is known about the contributions of Iraqi pediatricians to international scientific communities across various academic and clinical domains such as scientific conferences, editorial roles, training courses, books, clinical Innovations. 

Methodology: This study employs a multifaceted approach to explore the contributions of Iraqi pediatricians on the global stage across various academic and clinical domains. It comprehensively examines the impact of Iraqi pediatricians, within global scientific communities. Through meticulous analysis of conference papers, editorial roles, accredited medical courses, scholarly book publications, clinical research innovations, contribution to the diagnosis and treatment of international patients, and international rankings.                     

Results: The multifaceted approach employed in this study identified revealed significant achievements of Iraqi pediatricians in disseminating medical knowledge globally. Through conference presentations, editorial roles, accredited medical training courses, scholarly book authorship, pioneering clinical research, and global academic rankings. Iraqi pediatricians have pioneered advancements in pediatric healthcare, introducing novel therapies and reporting on previously undocumented disorders. Their contributions extend to editorial leadership in prestigious medical journals, standardized medical education in Iraq, and the publication of seminal medical books recognized globally. These achievements underscore their pivotal role in enhancing pediatric care worldwide and solidify their position as influential figures in global pediatric research and education. The study documented the achievements of prominent Iraqi pediatricians, particularly Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi, in advancing pediatric healthcare and education worldwide. Key findings included seminal conference papers introducing new insights on pediatric disorders, extensive editorial contributions to prestigious medical journals, standardized medical education through accredited courses, internationally acclaimed medical books, and pioneering clinical innovations with global implications. The study underscores the profound influence of Iraqi pediatricians in shaping the landscape of pediatric research and education on a global scale.                                                                        

Conclusion: Despite challenges posed by political instability and academic constraints in Iraq, pediatricians have excelled in various domains such as conference presentations, editorial roles in international journals, accredited training courses, medical book authorship, pioneering clinical research, and ethical advancements in medical practices.

Conference papers are pivotal in Continuing Medical Education (CME) and academic promotions worldwide, particularly those presented at international and European conferences. They facilitate early dissemination of research findings and scholarly feedback, often paving the way for subsequent journal publications [1-4].

Academic institutions increasingly value scientific journal editorship and editorial board memberships as indicators of academic prestige, essential for securing grants and promotions.

Many academics and experts including Adam Chapnick, Kim Richard Nossal, Susan D’Agostino, Laure Haak, Arthur G. Bedeian, David D. Van Fleet, and Hugh H. Hyman III have been increasingly emphasizing that scientific journal editorship and editorial board membership for academic journals represent a measure of the respect and recognition for the academics and scholars. Therefore, they considered scientific journal editorship and editorial board membership as the academic service to the discipline that gives academics scientific and academic strength when applying for grants, promotion and other professional recognition [5].

Accreditation of medical training courses ensures adherence to scientific standards, optimizing participant time and resources. In Iraq, accredited courses, predominantly conducted in English, bolster professional and academic advancements.

In fact, accreditation of a training course is the single most important method which can guarantee the adherence of the course to the scientific standards and ensure avoiding wasting of time of the participants, and also wasting resources during training. 

Training medical courses that are relevant to professional and academic promotions should be conductedin the language of teachingin medical schoolsand colleges. Therefore, in a country like Iraq accredited training courses are conducted in English language. The most appropriately accredited medical courses are the courses that have their scientific contents and training methodologies published in standard training course books [6].

The academic value of scientific book authorship has recently emphasized, and its contribution to teaching thousands of readers including students has been clarified.  According to Nicky Hayes and Robert J. Sternberg, as early as the 1960s and 1970s, academic scientific book authorship was valued by many universities and regarded as evidence of academic excellence.

Recently, Bookauthority has been regarded as the most important book recommendations site that provides recommendations by experts and intellectuals in various fields. Bookauthority identifies and rates the best books using a variety of methodologies. They feature only the very best books [5-6]. 

The value of Researchgate ranking as an important tool for the evaluation of physicians’ academic stature, prowess, and academic productivity, and also for the evaluation of academic leadership has been increasingly emphasized. 

Bibliometric assessments have been increasingly used to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the scientific/research productivity of academic leaders in various field of medicine. The use of bibliometrics to determine modern pioneers in medical field has been reported [7-8].                                

Iraqi pediatricians have historically faced challenges due to political turmoil and academic constraints, hindering their contributions to international scientific communities. Little is known about the contributions of Iraqi pediatricians to international scientific communities across various academic and clinical domains such as scientific conferences, editorial roles, training courses, books, clinical Innovations.

This study try explore the impact of Iraqi pediatricians to the international scientific community across various academic domains including conferences, editorial roles, accredited training courses, scientific book authorship, pioneering clinical research, and well-documented published international rankings.

This study employs a multifaceted approach to explore the contributions of Iraqi pediatricians on the global stage across various academic and clinical domains through: 

Identification of Iraqi pediatricians' prominent roles in international conferences.

Identifying the prominent editorial role of Iraqi pediatricians in medical journals published outside Iraq. 

Identifying the internationally recognized accredited training courses conducted by Iraqi pediatricians.

Evaluation of internationally acclaimed medical books authored by Iraqi scholars.

Documentation of Iraqi pediatricians’ pioneering clinical research with global implications.

Identifying documented new clinical conditions including new clinical disorders, new clinical syndromes and new clinical associations described by Iraqi pediatricians. 

Documentation of the contribution of Iraqi pediatricians to diagnosis and treatment of international patients.

Documentation of keenness of Iraqi pediatricians in improving medical ethics including publication ethics.

Documentation of extremely rare medical disorders on the global level described by Iraqi pediatricians.

Documentation of Iraqi pediatricians’ contributions to emerging non-clinical medical disciplines.

Documentation of international rankings showcasing Iraqi pediatricians' academic achievements.

Integration of the findings across all methodologies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the depth of Iraqi pediatricians' contributions to international scientific communities.

This combined methodology aims at ensuring a thorough exploration of Iraqi pediatricians' academic and clinical contributions, encompassing conference presentations, editorial roles, training courses, book authorship, and clinical innovations.

Iraqi pediatricians' prominent roles in international conferences

A study identified twenty seminal conference papers authored by Iraqi pediatricians, published in renowned international and European conferences. These papers introduced novel findings on pediatric disorders and innovative therapeutic approaches, often marking first-time reports in Iraq.

The study was published in 2020, and aimed at identifying eminent conference’ papers (Box-1) contributed by Iraqi pediatricians through searching more than 100 conferences’ books published in PubMed journals during the previous 15 years. Twenty eminent conferences’ papers contributed by Iraqi pediatricians were found in the abstract books of thirteen international and European conferences. The conferences were held in ten different countries in three continents [9].

The abstracts of eleven conference’ papers were published in at least two PubMed journals, while, the abstracts of four conference’ papers were published in one PubMed journal, and the full-length paper was published in a well-indexed journal. The abstracts of three conferences’ papers were published in one PubMed journal, and the full-length paper was published as a book chapter or in a book chapter. The abstract of one paper published in a conference book available online, and the full-length paper published in a Scopus journal, while the abstract of another paper was published in a conference book available online published in an open-access journal, and the full-length paper published as a book chapter.

The study found that eminent conference’ papers contributed by Iraqi pediatricians to international conferences provided the first descriptions of the patterns of some disorders in Iraqi children or reported the occurrence of rare disorders for the first time in Iraq. Other eminent conference’ papers described new therapeutic approaches for chronic renal failure, autism disorders, and cerebral palsy.

The study emphasized that all the retrieved conferences’ papers were contributed by one author “Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi” [9]. 

Iraqi pediatrician’s prominent editorial role in medical journals published outside Iraq 

Iraqi pediatrician “Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi” has been found to have excelled in editorial roles, serving on editorial boards of many journals, underscoring his global academic influence.

The study was conducted during January 2022, and aimed at identifying Iraqi pediatricians who were serving as editors or editorial board members of ten medical journals or more through reviewing the editors and editorial board members of more than 3000 medical journals that are published outside Iraq were reviewed with the aim of identifying elite Iraqi pediatricians’ contribution to international medical journal editorship and editorial board membership. 

The study found that Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi was the only Iraqi pediatrician who was serving as editors or member of editorial boards of ten or more international medical journals. 

He served six journals as a member of editorial board including The Open Urology & Nephrology Journal (ISSN: 1874-303X) [A Scopus journal], MedLife Clinics (ISSN: 2689-5943), Open Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (ISSN: 2690-2478), International Journal of Recent Innovations in Medicine and Clinical Research (ISSN: 2582-1075), Biomedical and Translational Science (ISSN 2768-4911), Clinical Case Reports Journal (ISSN 2767-0007).                   

He served three journals as an editor including Medical Case Reports (ISSN: 2471-8041), Archives in cancer research (ISSN: 2254-6081), Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology (ISSN: 2141-2685).

He served two journals as an associate editor including Medical Journal of Clinical Trials & Case Studies (ISSN: 2578-4838), International Journal of Clinical Studies & Medical Case Reports (ISSN: 2692-5877).

This study further emphasizes that scientific journals’ editorial board members should have significant scientific and academic experience [10]. 

Internationally recognized accredited training courses conducted by Iraqi pediatricians

Accredited medical training courses authored by Al-Mosawi have standardized medical education in Iraq, publishing comprehensive texts available in multiple languages and endorsed by national and international bodies.

An academic study conducted during July 2023 aimed at identifying the most appropriately accredited medical courses in Iraq, that have their scientific contents and training methodologies published in a standard training course books through examining all the relevant sources on the internet including Google Scholar, Researchgate, academia.edu, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the National German library, and book stores(including the Amazon), and also Goodreads web site.

The study found more than ten accredited medical course books and many of them were translated into six or eight European languages. All of the course books were included in the German National Library.

Course books that included professional training courses included rotation residency course book and pediatric (Child) psychiatry course books.

Course books that included developmental training courses included medical and healthcare leadership/ leadership in medicine course books, training of the trainer (TOT) for physician’s course books, instruction methods for physician’s course books, and master trainer for physician’s course book.

All the coursesincluded in the identified course books were accredited by Iraq Headquarter of Copernicus Scientists International Panel (2006-October, 2020) and also by the National Trainingand Development Center of the Iraqi Ministry of Health.

All the medical course books in Iraq were published by Aamir Jalal Al- Mosawi. Therefore, this academic study showed that Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi has been pioneering the field of medical training and his published medical courses' books established medical training as a unique discipline [11].

Internationally acclaimed medical books authored by Iraqi scholars

Five seminal medical books authored by Al-Mosawi have been recognized globally, featuring prominently in lists such as Bookauthority's best books, highlighting their educational significance and extensive translations.

A study conducted during July 2023, and aimed at identifying the best Iraqi medical books of all time through its inclusion in Bookauthority’s lists of best books of all time.

The study found five Iraqi medical books were found and were included in at eight least list of best books of all time including Bookauthority’s list of Best Developmental Delays Books of All Time, Bookauthority’s list of Best SARS Books of All Time,, Bookauthority’s list of Best Pandemic Books of All Time, Bookauthority’s Best Autism Books of All Time, Bookauthority’s Best Psychiatry Books of All Time, Bookauthority’s list of Best Cerebral Palsy Books of All Time, Bookauthority's best Neurology books of all time, and Bookauthority's best Pediatrics books of all time. One of the books was number one in the list of Best Developmental Delays.

Four books were included in the German National Library was translated into six or eight European languages.

In this study, all the five Iraqi medical books of all time were published by Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi. Four of the five Iraqi medical books were included in the German National Library (Deutsche Nationalbibliothek), and were translated to at least six languages [12].

Iraqi pediatricians’ pioneering clinical research with global implications

Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi's clinical innovations in autism research, therapies for developmental disorders, and renal failure have garnered international acclaim, advancing pediatric care worldwide.

A study performed in 2020 and aimed at highlighting recent world class pioneering clinical innovations missed by the Nobel Prize committee. The study highlighted the world class pioneering research of Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi that have the potential of conferring the greatest benefit to humankind including curing autism research, multi-factorial therapies for mental retardation, and brain damage including cerebral palsy and brain atrophy, and intestinal dialysis [13].

New clinical conditions including new clinical disorders, new clinical syndromes and new clinical associations described by Iraqi pediatricians

Fourteen documented new clinical conditions including new clinical disorders, new clinical syndromes and new clinical associations description by Iraqi pediatricians were found including Idiopathic hyperuricosuria, hypercalciuria, and infantile renal stone disease [14], a dysmorphic girl with acrocephaly, seizures, long spindle fingers, and cherry red spots [15], a new congenital syndrome associated with mental-growth retardation, microphthalmia, microcornea, iris, and uvea colobomata, transient ocular hypopigmentation, contralateral optic disc colobomata, and dilated third ventricle [16], A new clinical disorder associated with hypoparathyroidism, vitiligo, poliosis, and macrocytic anemia [17], a new congenital syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism, mental retardation, triphalangeal toes and unilateral renal agenesis [18], a new congenital syndrome characterized by unique facial dysmorphology consisting of  reverse slanting of split eyebrows and palpebral fissures [19], A new dysmorphic syndrome characterized by psychomotor retardation, low set ears, retrognathia, facial dysmorphism, and schizencephaly [20], a new congenital syndrome characterized by congenital partial hemihypertrophy, low set ears, hypertelorism, and epicanthi folds [21], a new clinical disorder associated with mental retardation, periventricular white matter hyperintensity on brain MRI, retinitis pigmentosa, and optic atrophy [22], a new genetic disorder of autosomal dominant non-syndromic unilateral renal hypoplasia [23], A new psychiatric-endocrinological association consisting of atypical autism associated with elevated gonadotrophin and precocious puberty [24], a new genetic neurologic syndrome with characteristic  neuroimaging findings, severe cerebral palsy associated with hydrocephalus, and mutation of Kinase D-Interacting Substrate of 220-kDa (Kidins220) gene [25], a new variant of childhood Lennox-Gastaut syndrome associated with low set ears and unilateral cryptorchidism [26], A new psychiatric-neurologic disorder associated with cerebral palsy, autism and periventricular white matter hyperintensity on brain MRI [27].

All of these documented descriptions were published by Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi [14-27].

The contribution of Iraqi pediatricians to diagnosis and treatment of international patients

Twelve published papers documented the contribution of Iraqi pediatricians to the diagnosis and treatment of international patients from the United States of America, Canada, Kazakhstan, Palestine, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, India, Pakistan, and Cuba. The international patients had a variety of disorders [25, 27, 28-38]. 

The first documented case of Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome in Kazakhstan was reported by Dr. Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi and Fewin, demonstrating his involvement in diagnosing rare genetic disorders in international settings. The case underscored the importance of accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary management in addressing rare syndromes [28].

Dr. Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi's contribution to the treatment of international patients with cerebral palsy is exemplified in cases from various countries, including Canada, Palatine, the United States, India, and Qatar. These cases highlight his comprehensive approach to managing neurological disabilities, encompassing both evidence-based interventions and personalized therapeutic strategies tailored to each patient's unique needs.

Al-Mosawi's involvement in the diagnosis and management of autism disorders was illustrated through cases from Tunisia, Pakistan, Canada, and Cuba. His expert opinion and therapeutic recommendations underscore the importance of early intervention and individualized care in optimizing outcomes for individuals with autism disorders [25, 27.28-36].

Dr. Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi's diagnostic acumen in familial Mediterranean fever (Sheppard Siegal syndrome) was illustrated in his report about a patient living in the United Arab Emirates. He emphasized in this paper, the role of serum amyloid A in guiding treatment decisions. This case highlighted the value of integrating clinical expertise with biomarker analysis in rare genetic conditions [37].

Dr. Al-Mosawi's insights into the treatment of Williams syndrome, emphasizing the integration of evidence-based medicine with expert opinion to optimize patient outcomes was illustrated through a case from India. Through his report about the patient from India Dr. Al-Mosawi enhanced the understanding of the genetic and developmental aspects of Williams syndrome and facilitates the delivery of tailored interventions [38].

Keenness of Iraqi pediatricians in improving medical ethics including publication ethics

Eighteen journal articles documented Dr. Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi's endeavors in correcting syndromic nomenclature through revisiting medical history:

Dr. Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi's pioneering efforts to rectify inaccuracies in the naming of medical syndromes, highlighting his meticulous approach and the profound impact on medical science and ethics. In his publications, Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi was keen in naming medical conditions after their original describers with aim of ensuring proper recognition of medical pioneers and maintaining historical accuracy. In his publications, Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi adopted systematic approach to identifying syndromes with inaccurately attributed names, involving meticulous literature reviews and historical analyses. Key syndromes addressed by Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi include Mostyn Embrey syndrome, Semmola-Meryon-Duchenne Syndrome, Ruprecht Majewski-Bosma Syndrome, Virchow Seckel Syndrome, Albarran Ormond Syndrome, Childhood Seeligmüller Strümpell Philip Disease, Van Der Wiel-Friedreich Idiopathic Facial Paralysis, Esquirol-Séguin-Down Syndrome, Michail-Matsoukas-Theodorou Rubinstein Syndrome, Sheppard Siegal Syndrome (Familial Mediterranean Fever), Gélineau’s Syndrome, Richard Asher Syndrome (Munchausen Syndrome), William Mackenzie Blighted Ovum Syndrome 

Dr. Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi's work not only involved documenting and describing these syndromes but also aimed to ensure that proper credit is given to the physicians who first described them. His contributions span a wide range of medical conditions, from rare syndromes to more common disorders, all with the goal of advancing medical knowledge and improving patient care [39-56].

Extremely rare medical disorders on the global level described by Iraqi pediatricians

Rare genetic disorders pose significant diagnostic challenges, often necessitating extensive medical consultations before a conclusive diagnosis is reached. Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi's case reports contribute valuable clinical insights into rare conditions, shedding light on their variability and expanding our understanding of genetic manifestations.

Twenty-nine article documented very rare genetic and non-genetic disorders described by Iraqi pediatrician “Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi”, including two cases of Coffin Siris syndrome, the thirty fifth and the thirty sixth reported cases of  cutis laxa type II (Debre type), the first case of Aicardi syndrome in the Arab with the novel occurrence of corneal opacity, the case number 130 of Townes Brocks syndrome, the sixty fourth case of pediatric Churg Strauss syndrome, the second case of pediatric unilateral Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome in the world, the first case of Von Recklinghausen syndrome associated with right-sided basal ganglion abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging, the twenty eighth case of congenital Chevalier Jackson syndrome, a case of Adams Oliver syndrome associated with evidence of periventricular calcifications on brain CT-scan, a case of the syndrome of congenital facial palsy and unilateral anotia, the third case of the extended Michelin tire baby syndrome associated with undescended testis, mental retardation and hearing impairment, two cases of Noonan syndrome; one associated with CT-scan evidence of brain atrophy and ventriculomegaly and one associated with unique multiple cardiac defects, the 58th Case of Toriello-Carey Syndrome, a case of Dandy walker syndrome with unusual presentation and unusual radiologic sign on CT-Scan, two cases of non-syndromal hemifacial microsomia, a case of Mowat Wilson syndrome associated with pseudo rocker bottom feet deformity, the thirty fourth and thirty fifth cases of Goldberg Shprintzen syndrome, The case number 52 of Ruprecht Majewski-Bosma syndrome, the case forty-one of crossed unfused renal ectopia, the second case Davis Buckley hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome associated with IgA deficiency, the first reported case of posthitis in circumcised child, the case number 112 of congenital chylous ascites, the fourth case of familial non-syndromic gastric neuroendocrine-adenocarcinoma in the world.

The 29 articles highlighted clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, and implications for management. Many cases provided unique insights into genetic variability and many articles underscored the importance of meticulous clinical evaluation in achieving accurate diagnoses and tailored treatment strategies. Some case expanded the clinical spectrum, emphasizing the variability within syndromes and the implications for genetic counseling and therapeutic interventions [57-85].

Iraqi pediatricians’ contributions to emerging non-clinical medical disciplines

The previous decades witnessed the emergence of new non-clinical medical disciplines that aimed at improving the medical practices and healthcare services through better acquisition and utilization of medical knowledge, including continuing medical education, medical and healthcare leadership, study of healthcare systems, academic medical leadership, training and development, instruction methods in the medical fields, medical editing and editorship, and bibliometric studies. 

Thirteen articles documented the important contribution of Iraqi pediatrician to the emergence of several non-clinical medical disciplines. 

Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi's pioneering efforts in CME have focused on establishing principles, concepts, and standards that enhance professional development among medical practitioners. His work emphasizes the importance of ongoing education in maintaining high standards of medical care.

Dr. Al-Mosawi has explored the evolving concepts and principles of healthcare leadership, advocating for effective management practices within medical and healthcare contexts. His insights have contributed to shaping modern leadership strategies that foster innovation and quality improvement.

His research on healthcare systems, particularly within the context of Iraq, provides critical updates and analyses pre and post-COVID-19 pandemic. This work aims to improve healthcare delivery and infrastructure, addressing systemic challenges and opportunities for enhancement.

Al-Mosawi's contributions to academic medical leadership have underscored the importance of visionary leadership in advancing medical education and research. His publications highlighted strategies for effective academic governance and institutional leadership.

Through publications on training and development, Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi has advocated for structured programs that enhance the skills and competencies of medical professionals. His work supports continuous learning and professional growth in the medical field.

Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi has made significant contributions to medical editing and editorship, emphasizing standards and best practices in publishing. His insights help maintain integrity and quality in medical journals, ensuring rigorous peer review and dissemination of research.

His research in bibliometrics has contributed to understanding the impact and visibility of medical research, using metrics like the H-index to assess scholarly output and influence. This supports evidence-based decisions in research funding and academic advancement.

These 13 articles documented the pivotal contributions of Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi to various non-clinical medical disciplines, including continuing medical education (CME), healthcare leadership, healthcare systems, academic medical leadership, training and development, medical editing, and bibliometric studies. 

Al-Mosawi's work has significantly influenced these fields, shaping medical education and healthcare practices globally [1-3, 86-95].

International rankings showcasing Iraqi pediatricians' academic achievements

A study conducted during December, 2021 aimed at identifying super elite clinical pediatricians with researchgate RG score of 40 or higher than 40 from 146 developing countries. The study examined more than 1000 Researchgate profiles.

Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi was the pediatricians who had the highest RG Score of 41.13 among the pediatricians from 146 countries. His ResearchGate score of 41.13 underscores his academic impact, distinguishing him as a leader in pediatric research globally [96].

A study performed during May 2024 aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the global distribution of academic leadership pediatric psychiatry through examining over 1000 Google Scholar Citation profiles to identify super-elite clinical pediatric psychiatrists from 178 developing countries with an H-index of 20 or higher. 

This study showed three notable clinical pediatric psychiatrists with H-indices of 20 or higher from three countries, including Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi from Iraq (H-index 23). 

The study emphasized that Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi's contributions to psychiatry and childhood psychiatry have significantly advanced the understanding and management of various neurodevelopmental disorders [97]. 

A study performed during June 2024 aimed at identifying academic leaders in clinical pediatric nephrology, focusing on developing countries. 

The study scrutinized over 1000 Google Scholar Citation profiles to identify elite clinical pediatric nephrologists from 182 developing countries with an H-index of 20 or higher. 

The search aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the global distribution of academic leadership in this specialized field in the developing world.

The study showcased notable figures from various countries, underscoring the global distribution of academic prowess in this specialized field. While some nations boasted significant academic impact, others displayed lower H-indices or lacked profiles altogether, emphasizing the necessity for further development and recognition in pediatric nephrology globally. Notable clinical pediatric nephrologists with H-indices of 20 or higher from three countries were identified, including Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi from Iraq (H-index 23) [98].

A recent study aimed to highlight the contributions of academic leaders in clinical pediatric neurology from diverse backgrounds through bibliometric analysis of over 1000 Google Scholar Citation profiles from 174 developing countries. The study identified academic leaders in clinical pediatric neurology based on their H-index. Notable clinicians from diverse regions with an H-index of 20 or higher are highlighted, shedding light on disparities in academic productivity and opportunities for collaboration and knowledge exchange. The analysis revealed notable clinical pediatric neurologists from several developing countries, including Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi from Iraq (H-index 23) [99]. 

Despite challenges posed by political instability and academic constraints in Iraq, pediatricians have excelled in various domains such as conference presentations, editorial roles in international journals, accredited training courses, medical book authorship, pioneering clinical research, and ethical advancements in medical practices. 

This comprehensive study illuminated the significant contributions of Iraqi pediatricians, particularly Al-Mosawi, to global pediatric research and education. Their achievements in conference presentations, editorial roles, medical education, scholarly publications, and clinical advancements exemplify their pivotal role in advancing pediatric healthcare on a global scale.

Iraqi pediatricians have pioneered advancements in pediatric healthcare, introducing novel therapies and reporting on previously undocumented disorders. Their contributions extend to editorial leadership in prestigious medical journals, standardized medical education in Iraq, and the publication of seminal medical books recognized globally. These achievements underscore their pivotal role in enhancing pediatric care worldwide and solidify their position as influential figures in global pediatric research and education.

The findings in this study highlight the substantial contributions of Iraqi pediatricians, particularly exemplified by Dr. Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi, in international scientific arenas.

 Iraqi pediatricians have authored seminal conference papers, introduced innovative therapeutic approaches, and described new clinical conditions previously unreported in Iraq. Moreover, Dr. Al-Mosawi's editorial roles in prestigious medical journals outside Iraq underscore his global academic influence. 

Accredited training courses authored by him have standardized medical education in Iraq and beyond, while his medical books have received global recognition and multiple translations.

Dr. Al-Mosawi's prolific career highlights include seminal conference papers, innovative therapies, descriptions of new clinical conditions, and significant roles in diagnosing and treating international patients. Moreover, Iraqi pediatricians have contributed to emerging non-clinical disciplines, shaping medical education, healthcare leadership, and medical ethics globally. The findings underscore Iraq's potential in advancing pediatric healthcare and scientific knowledge on the global stage despite challenging circumstances.

Dr. Al-Mosawi's pioneering clinical research has advanced pediatric care worldwide, particularly in autism, developmental disorders, and renal failure. His meticulous documentation of new clinical conditions has expanded medical knowledge, providing valuable insights into rare disorders and genetic syndromes. Furthermore, Iraqi pediatricians, including Dr. Al-Mosawi, have significantly contributed to the diagnosis and treatment of international patients, demonstrating their expertise and global impact.

In non-clinical disciplines, Iraqi pediatricians have played crucial roles in medical ethics, continuing medical education, healthcare leadership, and medical editing. Their contributions in these areas have influenced medical practices globally, emphasizing the importance of ongoing professional development and ethical standards in medical research.

Dr. Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi's clinical expertise extended beyond geographical boundaries, as evidenced by his involvement in the diagnosis and treatment of patients from diverse cultural and geographical backgrounds. He has made significant contributions to the diagnosis and management of patients from various countries worldwide. Cases documented by scientific publications highlighted his expertise in addressing a diverse range of medical conditions encompassing a spectrum of neurological, genetic, and developmental disorders, reflecting Dr. Al-Mosawi's proficiency in evidence-based medicine and expert clinical judgment.

The documented cases of international patients treated by Dr. Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi underscored his commitment to advancing pediatric neurology and developmental medicine on a global scale. Through his diagnostic acumen, evidence-based interventions, and expert clinical judgment, Dr. Al-Mosawi continues to make significant contributions to improving patient outcomes and advancing medical knowledge across international borders [24, 26, 27-37]. 

Dr. Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi has made significant contributions to the field of medicine through his detailed descriptions and documentation of various syndromes and medical conditions. His pioneering work is characterized by a dedication to historical accuracy in medical science through uncovering and properly crediting the origins of these conditions, often highlighting the early historical documentation that may have been overlooked or not properly attributed [39-56].

Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi's multidimensional contributions have not only advanced theoretical frameworks but also practical applications within non-clinical medical disciplines. His work continues to shape the landscape of medical education, healthcare leadership, and healthcare systems globally, inspiring future research and innovation in these crucial areas [1-3, 86-95].

Conclusion

Iraqi pediatricians like Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi, have transcended academic and clinical boundaries, making substantial contributions to international pediatric research and education. Their work not only enriches global medical literature but also enhances the standard of pediatric care worldwide.

Iraqi pediatricians like Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi have significantly influenced various non-clinical medical disciplines through his scholarly contributions, spanning continuing medical education (CME), healthcare leadership, healthcare systems, academic medical leadership, training and development, instruction methods in the medical fields, medical editing, and bibliometric studies.

Conflict of interest: None.