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Right of the Following Statements about how many times you can always get Over Hormones in Food

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Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2835-8325/155

Right of the Following Statements about how many times you can always get Over Hormones in Food

  • Fahim Aziz Eldein Shaltout *

Department of Food Hygiene and Control (Meat hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt.

*Corresponding Author: Fahim Aziz Eldein Shaltout, Department of Food Hygiene and Control (Meat hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt.

Citation: Eldein Shaltout FA, (2025), Right of the Following Statements about how many times you can always get Over Hormones in Food, Clinical Research and Clinical Reports, 7(4); DOI: 10.31579/2835-8325/155

Copyright: © 2025, Fahim Aziz Eldein Shaltout. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Received: 12 March 2025 | Accepted: 26 June 2025 | Published: 15 April 2025

Keywords: hormonal residues; growth promoters; livestock production; potential risks

Abstract

Hormonal residues in meat have become a growing concern due to their potential health and environmental impacts. These residues result from the use of hormonal growth promoters (HGPs) in livestock production, which are employed to enhance growth rates, improve feed efficiency, and increase meat yield. This paper explores the sources, detection methods, regulatory measures, and potential risks associated with hormonal residues in meat products.

Introduction

The global demand for meat has led to intensified livestock production systems (1-7). Hormonal growth promoters, such as estrogen, progesterone, and synthetic anabolic steroids, are commonly used to accelerate growth in cattle, poultry, and swine (8-15). While these practices improve economic efficiency, they raise concerns about hormonal residues entering the food chain (144-150). potentially affecting human health and environmental systems (151-156).

Sources of Hormonal Residues 

Hormonal residues in meat originate from Natural Hormones (137-143). Produced endogenously by animals (16-23). Synthetic Hormones, administered to enhance growth and productivity, such as trenbolone acetate, zeranol, and melengestrol acetate (24-30). Mismanagement, Overuse or improper withdrawal periods before slaughter can lead to residue accumulation (31-37).

Detection of Hormonal Residues

Modern techniques have advanced the detection of hormonal residues in meat as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Used for rapid and cost-effective screening (38-44). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Offers high sensitivity and specificity (45-51). High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Common for quantifying hormone levels (52-58).

Health Implications

Endocrine Disruption: Residues may interfere with hormone receptors, leading to reproductive and developmental issues (59-65). Carcinogenic Risks, Long-term exposure to some hormones is linked to increased cancer risks (66-72). Antibiotic Resistance, Hormone treatments often coincide with antibiotic use, compounding public health challenges (73-79).

Regulations and Standards

Regulatory frameworks differ globally (130-136). European Union (EU) Prohibits hormonal growth promoters in livestock. United States (FDA/USDA) Permits limited use under strict guidelines. Codex Alimentarius Provides international food standards, including Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) (80-86).

Environmental Concerns

Hormonal residues excreted by livestock can contaminate water systems, affecting aquatic organisms and ecosystems (87-93). Studies show hormonal disruption in fish populations near livestock farming areas, highlighting the broader ecological impact (94-100).

Mitigation Strategies

1. Improved Livestock Management, Adhering to withdrawal periods and monitoring feed additives (101-108). Alternative Growth Promoters, Using probiotics, enzymes, or plant-based additives (109-115). Policy Enforcement: Strengthening inspections and penalties for non-compliance (116-122). Hormonal residues in meat remain a contentious issue, balancing economic benefits against potential health and environmental risks (123-129). 

Conclusion

Advances in detection methods and stricter regulations are critical to ensuring food safety and sustainability. Collaborative efforts among scientists, policymakers, and industry stakeholders are essential to mitigate risks and protect public health.

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  120. Sobhy, Asmaa and Shaltout, Fahim (2020): Prevalence of some food poisoning bacteria in semi cooked chicken meat products at Qaliubiya governorate by recent Vitek 2 compact and PCR techniques. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal 38 (2020) 88-92.
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  123. Shaltout, F.A. (2024): Abattoir and Bovine Tuberculosis as A Reemerging Foodborne Diseas. Clinical Medical Reviews and Report 6(1):1-7.
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  125. Shaltout, F. A. (2024): Human Salmonellosis Acquired through the Food
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Dr Shiming Tang

Clinical Reviews and Case Reports, The comment form the peer-review were satisfactory. I will cements on the quality of the journal when I receive my hardback copy

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Hameed khan